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Merchants and Mechanics

Exploring the History of Economic Growth

The Discovery of the Sea II

The Discovery of the Sea II

February 21, 2018May 28, 2023 Posted in history of science, history of technology

Sea routes connect every pair of coastal locations. The discovery of these routes was largely the result of a century of European exploration.

Why Were the Americas so Underdeveloped when Europeans Reached Them?

Why Were the Americas so Underdeveloped when Europeans Reached Them?

February 19, 2018February 19, 2023 Posted in history of economic growth, history of technology, technological progress

Eurasia was able to produce food surpluses more than a thousand years before the Americas. Food surpluses led to specialization, which led to rapid development.

The Foundations of the Scientific Revolution

The Foundations of the Scientific Revolution

February 12, 2018February 19, 2023 Posted in history of science

The Scientific Revolution occurred when mathematical reasoning and experimentation were widely adopted.

Economic Ideology and the Glorious Revolution

Economic Ideology and the Glorious Revolution

January 29, 2018May 12, 2023 Posted in economic institutions, history of economic growth, history of trade and commerce, political institutions, property rights, social institutions

At the time of the Glorious Revolution, an ideology that emphasized the value of labour pushed aside an ideology that justified the power of the landowners.

The Enlightenment in Britain and France

The Enlightenment in Britain and France

January 25, 2018December 28, 2022 Posted in social institutions

Enlightenment philosophy changed the way in which people understood their place in the world, but the British and the French changed in very different ways.

A History of Religious Toleration

A History of Religious Toleration

January 24, 2018December 28, 2022 Posted in political institutions, social institutions

The struggle for religious toleration began in the sixteenth century. Its advocates risked their livelihoods, their freedom, and even their lives.

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

January 8, 2018December 28, 2022 Posted in history of economic growth, history of trade and commerce, Industrial Revolution, technological progress

Britain experienced a period of rapid technological progress that forever changed the nature of work, and that allowed it to dominate markets around the world.

The Steam Engine

The Steam Engine

January 1, 2018December 28, 2022 Posted in history of economic growth, history of science, history of technology, Industrial Revolution, technological progress

The steam engine powered a new generation of industrial machinery, and gave rise to modes of transportation that would stitch the world together.

The Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution

The Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution

December 25, 2017February 19, 2023 Posted in economic institutions, history of economic growth, history of science, history of technology, Industrial Revolution, political institutions, property rights

The Industrial Revolution was one aspect of a dramatic change in the way that people thought of themselves and the world in which they lived.

Why Did the Industrial Revolution Happen in Britain in the Eighteenth Century?

Why Did the Industrial Revolution Happen in Britain in the Eighteenth Century?

December 18, 2017February 16, 2023 Posted in history of economic growth, history of technology, history of trade and commerce, Industrial Revolution, technological progress

The Industrial Revolution occurred because labour was expensive relative to capital and coal, making technologies that replaced labour with machines profitable.

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